Veganism - Wikipedia. Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.
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John September 30, 2012. Peter excellent article as always. I have been living off a Keto diet for about 4 months.
Dietary vegans (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal- derived substances. At first he used it to mean .
More vegan stores opened, and vegan options became increasingly available in supermarkets and restaurants in many countries. In Massachusetts Amos Bronson Alcott, father of the novelist Louisa May Alcott, opened the Temple School in 1. Fruitlands in 1. 84. The Vegetarian Society .. Wheldon's No Animal Food: Two Essays and 1.
Recipes, was published in London in 1. There were regular discussions about it in the Vegetarian Messenger; it appears from the correspondence pages that many opponents of veganism came from within the vegetarian community. This lent support to the vegan position, although Gandhi himself drank goat's milk. This became the predominant view of the Vegetarian Society, which in 1.
- Food and Drug Regulations. Regulations Respecting Food and Drugs. PART A Administration General. A.01.001 These Regulations may be.
- Your doctor or dietitian.
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When the request was turned down, Donald Watson, secretary of the Leicester branch, set up a new quarterly newsletter in November 1. They suggested allvega, neo- vegetarian, dairyban, vitan, benevore, sanivores and beaumangeur. Those in attendance were Donald Watson, Elsie B.
Henderson, Alfred Hy Haffenden, Paul Spencer and Bernard Drake, with Mme Pataleewa (Barbara Moore, a Russian- British engineer) observing. Henderson, and Aids to a Vegan Diet for Children by Kathleen V. In 1. 94. 7 Watson wrote: . Jay Dinshah founded the American Vegan Society (AVS), linking veganism to the concept of ahimsa, . Mc. Dougall, Michael Greger and biochemist T.
Colin Campbell, argued that diets based on animal fat and animal protein, such as the Western pattern diet, were detrimental to health. Dean Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease (1.
Articles on veganism were viewed more during this period than articles on vegetarianism in the English, French, German, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish Wikipedias.! Food declared that it had become . According to the latter, 7. Dietary vegans might use animal products in clothing (as leather, wool, and silk), toiletries and similar. Vegans reject the commodification of animals. Some of these are chemical compounds that can be derived from animal products, plants, or petrochemicals.
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Allantoin, lactic acid, retinol and squalene, for example, can be vegan. These products and their origins are not always included in the list of ingredients. They avoid certain vaccines; the flu vaccine, for example, is usually grown in hens' eggs, although an effective alternative, Flublok, is widely available in the United States. Non- vegan items acquired before they became vegan might be donated to charity or used until worn out. Some vegan clothes, in particular leather alternatives, are made of petroleum- based products, which has triggered criticism because of the environmental damage involved in their production. Ethical vegans avoid them on the premise that their production causes animal suffering and premature death.
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In egg production, most male chicks are culled because they do not lay eggs. Female calves are separated from their mothers within 2.
A male college basketball player comes to the infirmary complaining of a "click" in his knee when walking. He states that it occasionally gives way when he is. This Sugar May Be New Weapon Against Fructose; New Diet Book 'Always Hungry?' Renews Debate Over Calories; Imagining Strange New Lifeforms May Reveal Our Own Origins. The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is a dietary pattern promoted by the U.S.-based National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute The American Heart Association recommends limiting sodium intake.
Male calves are slaughtered at birth, sent for veal production, or reared for beef. Tofu comes in a variety of textures, depending on water content, from firm, medium firm, and extra firm for stews and stir- fries; to soft or silken for salad dressings, desserts, and shakes. Soy is also eaten in the form of tempeh and texturized vegetable protein (TVP); also known as textured soy protein (TSP), the latter is often used in pasta sauces. Almond milk is lower in dietary energy, carbohydrates and protein.
Babies who are not breastfed may be fed commercial infant formula, normally based on cows' milk or soy. The latter is known as soy- based infant formula or SBIF. The recommendation is three or more servings a day of fruit (one of them high in vitamin C, such as citrus fruit, melon or strawberries); two or more of protein- rich legumes (such as soybeans, which can be consumed as soy milk, tofu or tempeh); five or more of whole grains (corn, barley, rice and wheat in products such as bread or cereal); and four or more of vegetables. My. Plate is divided into five groups: grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy products (or calcium- fortified soymilk), and protein. The protein includes meat, poultry, seafood, beans and peas, eggs, processed soy products, nuts and seeds. A raw vegan diet includes vegetables, fruits, nuts, grain and legume sprouts, seeds and sea vegetables.
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There are many variations of the diet, including fruitarianism. Vegans obtain all their protein from plants, omnivores usually a third, and ovo- lacto vegetarians half. Combinations that contain high amounts of all the essential amino acids include rice and beans, corn and beans, and hummus and whole- wheat pita. A deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anaemia and nerve damage. Vegetarians should thus take preventive measures to ensure adequate intake of this vitamin, including regular consumption of supplements containing B1. Plants not washed properly may contain B1.
Animals obtain it by eating contaminated plants, other animals, or their own faeces, and become sources of B1. The mouth is another source, but in small amounts and possibly analogue (not biologically active).
Tempeh, a fermented soybean food, is cited as another source, perhaps because of contamination during production. Ninety- nine percent of the body's calcium is stored in the bones and teeth.
Plant sources include broccoli, turnip, bok choy and kale; the bioavailability of calcium in spinach is poor. The study found that vegans consuming at least 5. Without it bones can become thin and brittle; together with calcium it offers protection against osteoporosis.
Vitamin D is produced in the body when ultraviolet rays from the sun hit the skin; outdoor exposure is needed because UVB radiation does not penetrate glass. It is present in salmon, tuna, mackerel and cod liver oil, with small amounts in cheese, egg yolks and beef liver, and in some mushrooms. People with little sun exposure may need supplements. The extent to which sun exposure is sufficient depends on the season, time of day, cloud and smog cover, skin melanin content, and whether sunscreen is worn. According to the National Institutes of Health, most people can obtain and store sufficient vitamin D from sunlight in the spring, summer and fall, even in the far north. They report that some researchers recommend 5. Tanning beds emitting 2.
Cholecalciferol (D3) is synthesized in the skin after exposure to the sun, or consumed in the form of animal products; when produced industrially it is taken from lanolin in sheep's wool. Ergocalciferol (D2) is derived from ergosterol from UV- exposed mushrooms or yeast and is suitable for vegans. Conflicting studies have suggested that the two forms may or may not be bioequivalent. This is particularly true of anyone with hemochromatosis, a relatively common condition that can remain undiagnosed. Coffee and some herbal teas can inhibit iron absorption, as can spices that contain tannins (turmeric, coriander, chillies, and tamarind). The study concluded that there was no effect of vegan diets overall on all- cause mortality, cancer mortality, cerebrovascular disease or cardiovascular- disease- related mortality.
The effects also disappeared when specific cancers were analysed. Vegans tend to be thinner, with lower serum cholesterol and lower blood pressure. Vegans might be at risk of low bone mineral density without supplements. They indicate that vegetarian diets may be more common among adolescents with eating disorders, but that its adoption may serve to camouflage a disorder rather than cause one. The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council similarly recognizes a well- planned vegan diet as viable for any age.
Attention should be given to nutrient intake, particularly protein, vitamins B1. D, essential fatty acids, iron, zinc and calcium. Animal ingredients are ubiquitous because they are cheap. After animals are slaughtered for meat, the leftovers are put through the rendering process, and some of that material, particularly the fat, ends up in toiletries.
Common ingredients include tallow in soap, and collagen- derived glycerine, used as a lubricant and humectant in many haircare products, moisturizers, shaving foams, soaps and toothpastes. Stearic acid is a common ingredient in face creams, shaving foam and shampoos; as with glycerine, it can be plant- based but is usually animal- derived.
Lactic acid, an alpha- hydroxy acid derived from animal milk, is used in moisturizers, as is allantoin, from the comfrey plant or cows' urine, in shampoos, moisturizers and toothpaste. The British Vegan Society's sunflower logo and PETA's bunny logo mean the product is certified vegan, which includes no animal testing. The leaping- bunny logo signals no animal testing, but it might not be vegan.
Its website contains a list of certified products. Most leather clothing is made from cows' and calves' skins, but the skin of sheep, goats, horses and pigs is also used.
Less common skins include those from kangaroos, elephants, zebras, seals, crocodile and deer. Vegans regard the purchase of leather, particularly from cows, as financial support for the meat industry. Divisions within animal rights theory include the utilitarian, protectionist approach, which pursues improved conditions for animals, and rights- based abolitionism, which seeks to end human ownership of non- humans. Abolitionists argue that protectionism serves only to make the public feel that animal use can be morally unproblematic (the . The right of subjects- of- a- life not to be harmed can be overridden by other moral principles, but Regan argues that pleasure, convenience and the economic interests of farmers are not weighty enough.
Coconut Flour Cookies (Only 3 Ingredients)These simple three ingredient coconut flour cookies are made with coconut flour, butter (or coconut oil) and honey! This recipe for! Lauren, thank you for sharing this great recipe with my readers!!
I’m excited to share a my go- to coconut flour dessert with you, but first I want to give you some background into my real food transition. My Real Food Transition. Five years ago, as a freshman in high school, I was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. For a while, I held my colitis under control by obliviously popping prescriptions to suppress any symptoms. Unfortunately, my colitis advanced aggressively while the pills muted my body.
Horrified tears streamed down my face as I promised myself that I would never loose my colon. Last fall, with that vow, I left for college–armed with potent immune- suppressing medication and a plan to eat and sleep well in the dorm. During that first semester at college, my colitis flared constantly. I struggled to mask my health issues, but I could no longer hide my dwindling energy or humiliating hair loss caused by my medication and distressed intestines. At the end of the fall semester, I signed up for online college courses, headed back home, and ditched my prescriptions.
I threw myself wholeheartedly into treating my colitis with nutrition. I submerged myself in healing books in order to manage my colitis with diet–not medication. Healing with the GAPS Diet. I began the GAPS diet four months ago, and it has been the most important step on my healing journey.
GAPS means a lot of creative cooking, though, and I turned to blogs like Tiffany’s for great grain- free recipes. I started Empowered Sustenance because I love sharing my GAPS, SCD, and Paleo friendly creations! Coconut flour has developed a finicky reputation because it demands a large amount of eggs in baked goods. Butter holds these shortbread- like cookies together without eggs for a grain free, allergy- friendly treat. This recipe yields eight two- bite- sized cookies. I’m a big proponent of cooking in bulk, so why the small batch? Honey is a natural humectant, which means it draws moisture from the air.
As a result, these cookies soften the longer they sit. For a tender, melt- in- your mouth texture, enjoy these cookies warm from the oven. Don’t shy away from the large ratio of coconut flour to butter. Scout out some raw butter from pastured cows for the most health benefits. If you can’t find that. I’ll teach you how to bake coconut flour bread, pancakes, cookies and much more!
Some of the links on this site are affiliate links and I will earn a commission if you purchase through them. This helps me maintain my site. Thank you for your support!
Coconut Flour Cookies. Author: Empowered Sustenance. Tbs. You'll also receive weekly recipes and wellness tips. Success! Now check your email to confirm your subscription.
What Are Carbohydrates? Though often maligned in trendy diets, carbohydrates — one of the basic food groups — are important to a healthy life. The American Diabetes Association notes that carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy. They are called carbohydrates because, at the chemical level, they contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Macronutrients are essential for proper body functioning, and the body requires large amounts of them. All macronutrients must be obtained through diet; the body cannot produce macronutrients on its own.
Carb intake for most people should be between 4. One gram of carbohydrates equals about 4 calories, so a diet of 1,8.
However, people with diabetes should not eat more than 2. They also prevent protein from being used as an energy source and enable fat metabolism, according to Iowa State University.
They are an influence on . The difference between the two forms is the chemical structure and how quickly the sugar is absorbed and digested.
Generally speaking, simple carbs are digested and absorbed more quickly and easily than complex carbs, according to the NIH. These single sugars are called monosaccharides. Carbs with two sugars — such as sucrose (table sugar), lactose (from dairy) and maltose (found in beer and some vegetables) — are called disaccharides, according to the NIH. However, these foods are made with processed and refined sugars and do not have vitamins, minerals or fiber. They are often referred to as starchy foods and include beans, peas, lentils, peanuts, potatoes, corn, parsnips, whole- grain breads and cereals. Simple carbs can lead to spikes in blood sugar levels and sugar highs, while complex carbs provide more sustained energy. Studies have shown that replacing saturated fats with simple carbs, such as those in many processed foods, is associated with an increased risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
The small intestine absorbs these smaller units, which then enter the bloodstream and travel to the liver. The liver converts all of these sugars into glucose, which is carried through the bloodstream — accompanied by insulin — and converted into energy for basic body functioning and physical activity. Once glycogen stores are full, carbs are stored as fat. If you have insufficient carbohydrate intake or stores, the body will consume protein for fuel. This is problematic because the body needs protein to make muscles. Using protein instead of carbohydrates for fuel also puts stress on the kidneys, leading to the passage of painful byproducts in the urine. Fibers promote healthy bowel movements and decrease the risk of chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease and diabetes, according to the U.
S. Department of Agriculture. However, unlike sugars and starches, fibers are not absorbed in the small intestine and are not converted to glucose. Instead, they pass into the large intestine relatively intact, where they are converted to hydrogen and carbon dioxide and fatty acids. The Institute of Medicine recommends that people consume 1.
Sources of fiber include fruits, grains and vegetables, especially legumes. For example, nonstarchy vegetables like lettuces, kale, green beans, celery, carrots and broccoli all contain carbs. Starchy vegetables like potatoes and corn also contain carbohydrates, but in larger amounts.
According to the American Diabetes Association, nonstarchy vegetables generally contain only about 5 grams of carbohydrates per cup of raw vegetables, and most of those carbs come from fiber. This has led to the idea that some carbs are . These are foods with simple carbs. Bad carbs rarely have any nutritional value. These are not only processed more slowly, but they also contain a bounty of other nutrients. The glycemic index measures how quickly and how much a carbohydrate raises blood sugar. Some research has linked high- glycemic foods with diabetes, obesity, heart disease and certain cancers, according to Harvard Medical School.
On the other hand, different research has suggested that following a low- glycemic diet may not actually be helpful. Not only are they necessary for your health, but they carry a variety of added benefits. Mental health. Carbohydrates may be important to mental health. A study published in 2. JAMA Internal Medicine found that people on a high- fat, low- carb diet for a year had more anxiety, depression and anger than people on a low- fat, high- carb diet. Scientists suspect that carbohydrates help with the production of serotonin in the brain.
A 2. 00. 8 study at Tufts University had overweight women cut carbs entirely from their diets for one week. Then, they tested the women's cognitive skills, visual attention and spatial memory. The women on no- carb diets did worse than overweight women on low- calorie diets that contained a healthy amount of carbohydrates. Weight loss. Though carbs are often blamed for weight gain, the right kind of carbs can actually help you lose and maintain a healthy weight.
This happens because many good carbohydrates, especially whole grains and vegetables with skin, contain fiber. It is difficult to get sufficient fiber on a low- carb diet. Dietary fiber helps you to feel full, and generally comes in relatively low- calorie foods. Another recent study linked fat loss with low- fat diets, not low- carb ones.
Good source of nutrients. Whole, unprocessed fruits and vegetables are well known for their nutrient content. Some are even considered superfoods because of it — and all of these leafy greens, bright sweet potatoes, juicy berries, tangy citruses and crunchy apples contain carbs. A large study published in 2. Journal of the American Dietetic Association found that those eating the most whole grains had significantly higher amounts of fiber, energy and polyunsaturated fats, as well as all micronutrients (except vitamin B1.
An additional study, published in 2. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, found that whole grains contain antioxidants, which were previously thought to exist almost exclusively in fruits and vegetables. Heart health. Fiber also helps to lower cholesterol, said Kelly Toups, a registered dietitian with the Whole Grains Council. The digestive process requires bile acids, which are made partly with cholesterol. As your digestion improves, the liver pulls cholesterol from the blood to create more bile acid, thereby reducing the amount of LDL, the . Those who ate more than 1. Without sufficient fuel, the body gets no energy.
Additionally, without sufficient glucose, the central nervous system suffers, which may cause dizziness or mental and physical weakness, according to Iowa State University. A deficiency of glucose, or low blood sugar, is called hypoglycemia. This is problematic because the body needs protein to make muscles. Using protein for fuel instead of carbohydrates also puts stress on the kidneys, leading to the passage of painful byproducts in the urine, according to the University of Cincinnati.
DASH diet - Wikipedia. The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is a dietary pattern promoted by the U. S.- based National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (part of the National Institutes of Health . The DASH diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low- fat dairy foods; includes meat, fish, poultry, nuts, and beans; and is limited in sugar- sweetened foods and beverages, red meat, and added fats. In addition to its effect on blood pressure, it is designed to be a well- balanced approach to eating for the general public.
DASH is recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as one of its ideal eating plans for all Americans. None of the plans were vegetarian, but the DASH plan incorporated more fruits and vegetables, low fat or nonfat dairy, beans, and nuts than the others studied. The DASH diet reduced systolic blood pressure by 6 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 3 mm Hg in patients with high normal blood pressure (formerly called . Those with hypertension dropped by 1. Hg, respectively.
These changes in blood pressure occurred with no changes in body weight. The DASH dietary pattern is adjusted based on daily caloric intake ranging from 1,6.
Omni. Heart demonstrated that partial replacement of carbohydrate with either protein (about half from plant sources) or with unsaturated fat (mostly monounsaturated fat) can further reduce blood pressure, low- density lipoprotein cholesterol, and coronary heart disease risk. News & World Report's annual . The higher the BP, the greater is the chance of heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease.
National Institutes of Health (NIH) to propose funding to further research the role of dietary patterns on blood pressure. In 1. 99. 2 the NHLBI worked with five of the most well- respected medical research centers in different cities across the U. S. The DASH study used a rigorous design called a randomized controlled trial (RCT), and it involved teams of physicians, nurses, nutritionists, statisticians, and research coordinators working in a cooperative venture in which participants were selected and studied in each of these five research facilities.
The chosen facilities and locales for this multi- center study were: (1) Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, (2) Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina, (3) Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research in Portland, Oregon, (4) Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, and (5) Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The standardized multi- center protocol is an approach used in many large- scale multi- center studies funded by the NHLBI. A unique feature of the DASH diet was that the foods and menu were chosen based on conventionally consumed food items so it could be more easily adopted by the general public if results were positive. The nutritional conceptualization of the DASH meal plans was based in part on this research. The control diet was low in potassium, calcium, magnesium and fiber and featured a fat and protein profile so that the pattern was consistent with a . Magnesium and Potassium levels were close to the 7. U. S. The second experimental diet was high in fruits- and- vegetables and in low- fat dairy products, as well as lower in overall fat and saturated fat, with higher fiber and higher protein compared with the control diet.
One of the unique features of the DASH study was that dietary patterns rather than single nutrients were being tested. The sample population consisted of healthy men and women with an average age of 4. Hg and diastolic blood pressures within 8.
Hg. African- American and other minority groups were planned to comprise 6. In the screening phase, participants were screened for eligibility based on the combined results of blood pressure readings. In the 3 week run- in phase, each subject was given the control diet for 3 weeks, had their blood pressure measurements taken on each of five separate days, gave one 2. At this point, subjects who were compliant with the feeding program during the screening phase were each randomly assigned to one of the three diets outlined above, to begin at the start of the 4th week. The intervention phase followed next; this was an 8- week period in which the subjects were provided the diet to which they had been randomly assigned. Blood pressures and urine samples were collected again during this time together with symptom & physical activity recall questionnaires.
The first group of study subjects began the run- in phase of the trial in September 1. January 1. 99. 6.
Participants were also given two packets of salt, each containing 2. Alcohol was limited to no more than two beverages per day, and caffeine intake was limited to no more than three caffeinated beverages. The minority portion of the study sample and the hypertensive portion both showed the largest reductions in blood pressure from the combination diet against the control diet. The hypertensive subjects experienced a drop of 1. Hg in their systolic and 5. Hg in their diastolic phases. The data indicated that reductions in blood pressure occurred within two weeks of subjects.
At the end of the intervention phase, 1. Apart from only one subject (on the control diet) who was suffering from cholecystitis, other gastrointestinal symptoms had a low rate of incidence. DASH- Sodium study. The DASH- Sodium trial was conducted from September 1.
November 1. 99. 9. Like the previous study, it was based on a large sample (4. The DASH diet was the same as in the previous DASH study.
After being assigned to one of these two diets, the participants were given diets that differed by 3 distinct levels of sodium content, corresponding to 3,0. The 3. 0- day intervention phase followed, in which subjects ate their assigned diets at each of the aforementioned sodium levels (high, intermediate and low) in random order, in a crossover design.
The secondary outcome was diastolic blood pressure. The DASH- Sodium study found that reductions in sodium intake produced significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures in both the control and DASH diets. Study results indicate that the quantity of dietary sodium in the control diet was twice as powerful in its effect on blood pressure as it was in the DASH diet. Importantly, the control diet sodium reductions from intermediate to low correlated with greater changes in systolic blood pressure than those same changes from high to intermediate (change equal to roughly 4. These results led researchers to postulate that the adoption of a national lower daily allowance for sodium than the currently held 2,4.
Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend eating a diet of 2. DASH- Sodium study. The DASH diet and the control diet at the lower salt levels were both successful in lowering blood pressure, but the largest reductions in blood pressure were obtained by eating a combination of these two (i.
DASH diet). The effect of this combination at a sodium level of 1,5. Hg (systolic/diastolic). The hypertensive subjects experienced an average reduction of 1. Hg. Department of Agriculture and U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (2. Government Printing Office.
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ISBN 9. 78- 1- 9. Liebman, Bonnie (October 1.
Nowlan, Sandra (2. Delicious DASH Flavours: The proven, drug- free, doctor- recommended approach to reducing high blood pressure. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 8.
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Massachusetts Medical Society sunshinehs. VIDEO - Which Diet Works: A Nutritional Review. University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. Women's Heart Foundation.